I've already pulled the t-stat and put it in a pot of water on the stove with a meat thermometer, and it opened at 180-185 or so. Wouldn't that rule it out? The system is pressurized as I can not squeeze the bottom hose while it's hot, but it is cool to the touch... I think the t-stat isn't opening or the pump isn't circulating the coolant. I guess even though I tested the t-stat, it's easier to replace that than removing the water pump...
Also- since your heater line appears to go slightly up from the front of the manifold, did you turn on the heater when filling it? This would help get any air pockets that would sit up in that line after draining your coolant.
Of the coolant you lost: Did you see the coolant on the ground? Where did it go? Due to expansion / contraction, you will see different level from cold-hot-cold. Has the level stayed constant in your expansion tank?