My wife's 65 mustang use to do the same thing. Id drive it one day and it be fine. Drive it another day and one of the calipers would lock up. It would only lock up the rear brakes. I investigated it and started with the proportioning valve since only the rear brakes were locking up. I took up off and apart and found what looked like a broken piece in the valve.
From my research online the proportioning valves have a safety feature in them so that if they fail they lock up rear brakes so you can stop safely ( not on the freeway away 75mph
)??
I changed the valve to a wilwood one instead of the what im assuming was Chinese, bled the brakes and problem solved.
Not sure what brake system you have tho.
Keep us posted on what you find.