Most likely they are only the 1.5-3.4V LEDs (depends on color). Driving them with 12V would definitely overload them. Have a look here on a method to test your LEDs with a multimeter to see exactly what voltage they are rated at.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMPbhGvaMWY
also some info here
http://www.instructables.com/answers...eds-are-that-/
also here
http://www.theledlight.com/LED101.html
Then from there you can determine what size resistor you will need. I'm guessing you would probably need a 400-450 ohm resistor in series with your LED.